Basically there are two ways to remove the paint - both will remove both the silver and the black primer coat.
First is by means of an abrassive (sandblasting, sanding, etc...) This is the more "elbow grease" approach.
Second is by using a chemical stripper. On small projects I've even used brake fluid as a stripper (there's a reason it says not to spill it on painted surfaces)
Both have their pro's and cons, and of course the easier method usually costs more....
Then you have to spring for some good paint, or even some powdercoating.
Said and done, fixing up the stock steel rims may cost you as much as a new set of steel wheels - Soft Ds or whatever. Especially if you're a little OCD (like me) about the finished product.
If you're more utilitarian, clean thenm up good, scuff them up some with some sand paper or steel wool, and hit them with some Line-X or Herculiner and rock on!